How to create LVM partition with partition alignment in Virtual machine (VM)
Request vmware team to provide the new disk to VM
# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 253 0 20971520 vda 253 1 104391 vda1 253 2 20860402 vda2 252 0 18776064 dm-0 252 1 2064384 dm-1
Scan from the available host to detect the new disk
#echo " - - - " >> /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan #echo " - - - " >> /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
Run cat /proc/partitions again to locate the new disk. From the below output hda is new 5 GB disk
# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 3 0 5242880 hda 253 0 20971520 vda 253 1 104391 vda1 253 2 20860402 vda2 252 0 18776064 dm-0 252 1 2064384 dm-1
Format the new with partitiion alignment
# fdisk /dev/hda Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-652, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652): Using default value 652 Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): x Expert command (m for help): b Partition number (1-4): 1 New beginning of data (63-10474379, default 63): 128 Expert command (m for help): r Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/hda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 652 5237126 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
Validate the disk successfully partitioned with partition alignment
# fdisk -ul /dev/hda Disk /dev/hda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 128 10474379 5237126 8e Linux LVM
Run partprobe command to make the partition visible to the OS.
# partprobe /dev/hda # partprobe /dev/hda1 # fdisk -ul /dev/hda Disk /dev/hda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 128 10474379 5237126 8e Linux LVM
Add the disk to Physical volume (PV)
# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/vda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 19.88G 0 # pvcreate /dev/hda1 Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/hda1" Physical volume "/dev/hda1" successfully created # pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/hda1 lvm2 a-- 4.99G 4.99G /dev/vda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 19.88G 0
Create new Volume Group or extend the existing volume group using new disk
# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree VolGroup00 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.88G 0 # vgcreate vg0 /dev/hda1 Volume group "vg0" successfully created # vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree VolGroup00 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.88G 0 vg0 1 0 0 wz--n- 4.99G 4.99G
Create new Logical Volume (LV)
# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 17.91G LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 1.97G # lvcreate -L4G -n lvm1 vg0 Logical volume "lvm1" created ]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 17.91G LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 1.97G lvm1 vg0 -wi-a- 4.00G
Make the LV as ext3 partition.
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg0/lvm1 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 524288 inodes, 1048576 blocks 52428 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824 32 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16384 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
Create the new directory to mount the newly created LVM
# mkdir /data
Make an enty in /etc/fstab for new lVM
# vim /etc/fstab # cat /etc/fstab /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/vg0/lvm1 /data ext3 defaults 0 0
Mount newly created lvm
# mount /data/
Run df -h command and Validate that filesystem is successfully mounted.
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18G 2.3G 15G 14% /
/dev/vda1 99M 13M 82M 14% /boot
tmpfs 502M 0 502M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg0-lvm1 4.0G 137M 3.7G 4% /data
Goto the directory and create some files to make sure that new filesystem is writable.
# cd /data/ # touch 1 2 3 4 # ll total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 11:30 1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 11:30 2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 11:30 3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 11:30 4 drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 3 11:22 lost+found #
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About Ramesh Sundararamaiah
Red Hat Certified Architect
Expert in Linux system administration, DevOps automation, and cloud infrastructure. Specializing in Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Ubuntu, Docker, Ansible, and enterprise IT solutions.